# AcceptedInfraSpecificTaxa

AdditionalData:
Family: Needlefishes, Habitat and Biology: Maximum length is body length. Found close to the surface in shallow water. Feeds mainly on small fishes.


# AcceptedSpecies

AdditionalData:
Family: Wrasses, Habitat and Biology: Occurs in shallow lagoon and seaward reefs. Feeds on benthic and planktonic crustaceans, small fishes, and foraminiferans.


AdditionalData:
Family: Cichlids, Habitat and Biology: Occurs in vegetated areas in shallow water, but also found in rivers and streams around the lake. Feeds on invertebrates, algae, plants, small fishes and plankton (Ref. 5595).


AdditionalData:
Family: Airbreathing catfishes, Habitat and Biology: Occurs at a depth of 30 m and deeper, in rocky areas. Feeds on rock-inhabiting species during the night (Ref. 5595).


AdditionalData:
Family: Callichthyid armored catfishes, Habitat and Biology:


AdditionalData:
Family: Callichthyid armored catfishes, Habitat and Biology: Often found in the company of C. melanistius brevirostris and C. spilurus on sandy bottoms traversed by a strong current (Ref. 27188). Abundant in the backwaters of sandy beaches d


AdditionalData:
Family: Wrasses, Habitat and Biology: Inhabits lagoon and sheltered seaward reefs in coral rich areas (Ref. 1602). Possibly to 120 m depths. The species is observed to swim with a group of goatfish and change its color to resemble these fish, it then dart


AdditionalData:
Family: Jacks and pompanos, Habitat and Biology: Prefers clear oceanic waters around islands to neritic waters (Ref. 5217). Occasionally in turbid waters (Ref. 9283). Mainly nocturnal. Feeds on small shrimps, benthic invertebrates, and forams when inshore


AdditionalData:
Family: Jacks and pompanos, Habitat and Biology: Prefers clear oceanic waters, frequently around islands (Ref. 5217). Sometimes near the surface, but generally caught between 40 and 200 m depth (Ref. 9283). Forms schools (Ref. 26235). Feeds mainly on zoop


AdditionalData:
Family: Jacks and pompanos, Habitat and Biology: Inhabits neritic waters, often near sandy beaches (Ref. 5217). A shoaling species, generally  near the bottom (Ref. 27121). Feeds on planktonic invertebrates, primarily copepods, but also on gastropod larva


AdditionalData:
Family: Jacks and pompanos, Habitat and Biology: Oceanic species with a semi-obligate commensal relationship with sharks, rays, other bony fishes and turtles (Ref. 5217). Young are usually associated with jellyfish and drifting seaweed (Ref. 2850, 9563).


AdditionalData:
Family: Requiem sharks, Habitat and Biology: Oceanic, but may be found close inshore where the continental shelf is narrow (Ref. 6871).  Usually found to at least 150 m (Ref. 26938). Reported from estuaries (Ref. 26340). Feeds on bony fishes, small sharks


AdditionalData:
Family: Flyingfishes, Habitat and Biology: Found in oceanic surface waters (Ref. 9839). Spawns throughout the year in warm waters (Ref. 6523).


AdditionalData:
Family: Jacks and pompanos, Habitat and Biology: Occur in bays and coastal waters, including estuaries (Ref. 9563). Juveniles usually inhabit estuaries, bays and shallow continental shelf waters, while adults form schools near the sea bed on the continent


AdditionalData:
Family: Jacks and pompanos, Habitat and Biology: A pelagic and demersal species found in sandy bottoms at the foot of the edge of the outer reefs, continental coasts and around islands (Ref. 9283). Solitary or forming small schools (Ref. 30573). Mainly no


AdditionalData:
Family: Thresher sharks, Habitat and Biology: Occurs in coastal waters over continental shelves, sometimes close inshore in shallow waters, and on the high seas far from land (Ref. 247). Depth range to at least 500 m (Ref. 247). Feeds on pelagic and botto


AdditionalData:
Family: Loaches, Habitat and Biology: Occurs in rivers, lakes and ponds. Also in swamps and ricefields (Ref. 27732). Prefers muddy bottoms, where they hide in the muck and leaf litter with only their heads sticking out; prefers muddy bottoms of streams an


AdditionalData:
Family: Wrasses, Habitat and Biology: Inhabits the vicinity of coral and rocky reefs, often over sand or rubble in deeper water. Feeds mainly on benthic invertebrates such as mollusks and crustaceans (Ref. 9823). An excellent food fish (Ref. 3132).


AdditionalData:
Family: Wrasses, Habitat and Biology: Adults found in weed, rock and coral areas; juveniles in shallow tide pools (Ref. 30573). Generally solitary (Ref. 5213). Feeds mainly on hard-shelled prey, including crustaceans, mollusks and sea urchins (Ref. 5374).


AdditionalData:
Family: Wrasses, Habitat and Biology: Found over sandy bottoms of coastal areas and also in areas with some seagrass or algae. Ranges to a depth of over 18 m (Ref. 9710). When threatened, it dives head-first into sand. Feeds mainly on hard-shelled prey, i


AdditionalData:
Family: Jacks and pompanos, Habitat and Biology: A pelagic and demersal species (Ref. 9283) found in coastal and oceanic waters, off kelp beds and rocky areas (Ref. 2850), sometimes entering estuaries (Ref. 9563). They are solitary or occur in small group


AdditionalData:
Family: Mackerel sharks, white sharks, Habitat and Biology: Oceanic, but sometimes found close inshore (Ref. 6871, 11230). Usually in surface waters (Ref. 30573), down to about 150 m (Ref. 26938, 11230). Feeds on bony fishes, other sharks (Ref. 5578), cep


# Distribution

DistributionElement:
Indo-Pacific:  East Africa to the Line and Tuamoto islands, north to southern Japan, south to the Lord Howe and Austral islands.


DistributionElement:
Africa:  Lakes Malawi, Chiuta and Chilwa; Lower Zambezi, Buzi, Pungwe and Save River systems.


DistributionElement:
Africa:  Endemic and occurring throughout Lake Malawi (Nyasa).


DistributionElement:
Circumtropical.  Indo-Pacific:  East Africa (Ref. 3287) to Rapa, north to southern Japan and the Hawaiian Islands, south to New Caledonia.  Eastern Pacific:  Mexico to Peru, including the Galapagos Islands (Ref. 5530).  Western Atlantic:  Nova Scotia, Can


DistributionElement:
Circumglobal.  Western Atlantic:  Nova Scotia, Canada and Bermuda to approximately Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Ref. 57756).  Appears to be absent from the Gulf of Mexico (Ref. 9626).  Eastern Atlantic:  St. Helena, Ascension, Cape Verde, and Gulf of Guinea (R


DistributionElement:
Western Atlantic:  Nova Scotia, Canada (Ref. 7251) southward through the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.  Eastern Atlantic:  Morocco to South Africa, including the Madeira, Canary, Cape Verde, Ascension and St. Helena islands (


DistributionElement:
Circumtropical in tropical seas.  Western Atlantic:  Nova Scotia, Canada to Argentina (Ref. 7251).  Eastern Atlantic:  British Isles (rare vagrant) and Bay of Biscay to Angola, including the Mediterranean and Canary Islands.  Eastern Pacific:  Vancouver I


DistributionElement:
Circumglobal in temperate and tropical waters.  Western Atlantic:  Newfoundland, Canada to Argentina.  Central Atlantic.  Eastern Atlantic:  Norway to South Africa, including the Mediterranean.  Indo-West Pacific:  East Africa to Indonesia, Japan, Austral


DistributionElement:
Worldwide in tropical waters.  Eastern Atlantic:  probably throughout the tropical region, apparently uncommon in the Gulf of Guinea and absent in Benguela current (Ref. 4498).  Western Atlantic:  northern South America (Ref. 5217); uncommon in the Caribb


DistributionElement:
Western Atlantic:  North Carolina, USA and Bermuda to southern Brazil.  Eastern Atlantic:  Mediterranean, Azores, Madeira, the Canary Islands, Cape Verde, Ascension and St. Helena Island.  Indo-Pacific:  South Africa, Japan, Hawaii (Ref. 26145), Australia


DistributionElement:
Southeast Atlantic:  St. Helena and Ascension islands (Ref. 7097).  Western Indian Ocean:  southern Red Sea, off Oman and Sri Lanka.  Eastern Pacific:  Hawaiian and Revillagigedo islands (Ref. 9283).  Reported from the Arafura Sea (Ref. 9819).  Verified r


DistributionElement:
Circumtropical.  Western Atlantic:  New York, USA southward to Bahamas and Cuba; Panama (Ref. 6871) to Uruguay (Ref. 58839).  Eastern Atlantic:  Portugal to Angola, including the Mediterranean.  Indo-Pacific:  Arabian Sea, Madagascar, South Africa, southe


DistributionElement:
Asia: Native to Siberia (Tugur and Amur drainages), Sakhalin, Korea, Japan, China south to northern Vietnam.  Europe:  Introduced in several localities in Rhine (Germany) and Ticino (Italy, north of Milano) drainages, Aral Sea basin, North America, Austra


DistributionElement:
Antiequatorial.  Indo-West Pacific:  southern Africa to the islands of southern Oceania.  Western Central Pacific:  From Taiwan to southern Japan.


DistributionElement:
Western Indian Ocean:  southern Red Sea to Natal, South Africa and east to Sri Lanka.


DistributionElement:
Indo-Pacific:  Red Sea and East Africa to the western Pacific.


DistributionElement:
Circumglobal, in subtropical waters, and with a series of disjunct poplulations.  Indo-Pacific:  South Africa, Walter Shoals, Amsterdam Island, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, New Caledonia, Hawaii, Rapa, Pitcairn Island, and Easter Island.  Eastern Pacifi


DistributionElement:
Cosmopolitan in temperate and tropical seas (Ref. 6871, 11230).  Western Atlantic:  Gulf of Maine to southern Brazil and Argentina (Ref. 58839), including the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean.  Eastern Atlantic:  Norway to South Africa, including the Mediterr


DistributionElement:
South America:  Upper Amazon River basin.


DistributionElement:
South America:  Araguaia River basin in Brazil.


DistributionElement:
Indo-Pacific:  Red Sea and East Africa to the Marshall Islands and Samoa.


DistributionElement:
Western Atlantic:  North Carolina, USA to Brazil (Ref. 7251), including the Bahamas, Gulf of Mexico, and Caribbean Sea.


DistributionElement:
Southeast Atlantic:  known only from Ascension and St. Helena Islands.


# References

Title:
A review of Opsaridium zambezense (Pisces: Cyprinidae) from southern Africa with description of a new species from Malawi.


Title:
Nannacara  adoketa, a new species of ciclid fish from the Rio Negro in Brazil.


Title:
Names of Marshallese fishes obtained at Arno Atoll.


Title:
Freshwater fishes of the U.S.S.R. and adjacent countries. volume 2, 4th edition.

Details:
Israel Program for Scientific Translations Ltd, Jerusalem. (Russian version published 1949).


Authors:
Coppola, S.R., W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, N. Scialabba and K.E. Carpenter

Title:
SPECIESDAB: Global species database for fishery purposes. User's manual.

Details:
FAO Computerized Information Series (Fisheries). No. 9. Rome, FAO. 103 p.


Details:
Melle: Mergus, Verlag für Natur- und Heimtierkunde, Germany. 1104 p.


Authors:
Reshetnikov, Y.S., N.G. Bogutskaya, E.D. Vasil'eva, E.A. Dorofeeva, A.M. Naseka, O.A. Popova, K.A. Savvaitova, V.G. Sideleva and L.I. Sokolov

Title:
An annotated check-list of the freshwater fishes of Russia.


Title:
Catálogo dos peixes do Arquipélago de Cabo Verde.

Details:
Publicações avulsas do IPIMAR No. 2. 339 p.


Title:
Common and local names of marine fishes of the Philippines.

Details:
Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources, Philippines. 385 p.


Details:
In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.)  FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean fishing area 51. Vol. 1. [pag. var.]. FAO, Rome.


Title:
Fishes of the Mascarene Islands (Réunion, Mauritius, Rodriguez): an annotated checklist, with descriptions of new species.

Details:
Koeltz Scientific Books, Koenigstein, Theses Zoologicae, Vol. 31: 759 p.


Title:
Caribbean Fish Life. Index to the local and scientific names of the marine fishes and fishlike invertebrates of the Caribbean area (Tropical Western Central Atlantic Ocean)

Details:
E.J. Brill / Dr. W. Backhuys, Leiden, 163p.


Details:
p. 291-309. In R.E. Reis, S.O. Kullander and C.J. Ferraris, Jr. (eds.) Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS, Brasil.


Title:
Common names of comercially important  Hellenic marine organisms.

Details:
Aristotle University, Unpublished Technical Report.


Details:
Division of Aquatic Resources, State of Hawaii, Dept. of Land and Natural Resources.


Details:
Education Program,  Division of Aquatic Resources, Honolulu, Hawaii. 79 p.


Details:
Agence de Cooperation Culturelle et Technique, Paris. 296 p.


Authors:
Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee and C. Grieve

Details:
Bureau of Resource Sciences, Canberra, Australia. 422 p.


Title:
Kalannimiluettelo (List of Finnish fish names).


Details:
p. 683-706. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.


# SourceDatabase

TaxonomicCoverage:
Animalia - Chordata - Actinopterygii, Cephalaspidomorphi, Elasmobranchii, Holocephali, Myxini, Sarcopterygii

Abstract:
FishBase was developed at the WorldFish Center in the Philippines, in collaboration with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and many other partners, and with support from the European Commission. It has diverse information on all 28,500 species of fish, including descriptive, physiological and conservation data, and contains links to information in other databases.


